Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1.7
Dependence of main turbine parameters on blade radius, adapted from Wood [
16
]
Parameter
Power law dependence on R
Blade angular velocity
-1
Centrifugal blade loads
-1
Reynolds number
1
Gearbox ratio
1
Power output
2
Noise output
2
Brake torque (high speed side)
2
Brake torque (low speed side)
3
Starting torque
3
Blade mass
2-3
Gyroscopic moments
3-4
Inertia of blades
4-5
Fig. 1.14 Generator inertia
versus rated power for a
number of small generators
10
1
10
0
J ~ P
1.5
10
-1
10
-2
Ginlong PMGs from web site
Seoltech PMGs from web site
8 pole IGs from Table 1.4
10
-3
10
-1
10
0
10
1
10
2
Rated Power (kW)
generating capacity. Currently the cheapest small turbines cost about $US 5 per
watt. The high cost of all small scale renewable technologies has lead to the advent
of feed-in tariffs in many Western countries, which has driven the recent rapid
expansion of the small wind turbine market. Feed-in tariffs are a preferential high
price legislated for small scale renewable generators, e.g. Wood [
18
].
A typical breakdown of costs for a small turbine is given in Table
1.8
.Theyare
very similar to those shown in Table 9.1 of Burton et al. [
2
]fora10 MWwindfarm.
1.9.1 Further Reading
There are a number of good introductory topics on wind turbines, such as Kentfield
[
19
] with a chapter on tail fin furling, Manwell et al. [
8
] and Spera [
20
] which
contains an excellent introduction to aerodynamics by R. E. Wilson. An old
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