Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1.3
Major Divisions of Freshwater Algae: Biochemical and Cytological Characteristics.
Chloroplast
Fine-Structure
Pigmentation
#
Flagella
(Vegetative Cells
and Gametes)
Algal Division
(Phylum)
Diag.*
carotenoids
Starch-Like
Reserve
Outer
membranes
Thylakoid
groups
Chlorophylls Carotenes
External Covering
1. Blue-green algae
(
Cyanophyta
)
a
β
zea-
Cyanophycean
starch
α
Peptidoglycan
matrices or
walls
0
0
0
2. Green algae
(
Chlorophyta
a
,
b
α, β, γ
viola-
True starch
α
Cellulose walls,
scales
2
2-6
0-many. Similar
(isokont)
3. Euglenoids
(
Euglenophyta
)
a
,
b
β, γ
Paramylon
β
Protein pellicle
3
3
1-2 emergent
4. Yellow-green algae:
(
Xanthophyta
)
a
,
c
1
,
c
2
α, β
Chrysolaminarin
β
Pectin or pectic
acid wall
4
3
2 unequal
(heterokont)
True starch
α
5. Dinolagellates
(
Dinophyta
)
a
,
c
2
β
peri-
Cellulose theca
(or naked)
3
3
2 unequal
(heterokont)
True starch
α
6. Cryptomonads
(
Cryptophyta
)
a, c
2
α, β
allo-
Cellulose
periplast
4
2
2 equal (isokont)
Chrysolaminarin
β
7. Chrysophytes
(
Chrysophyta
)
a
,
c
1
,
c
2
,
c
3
α, β, ε
Pectin, plus
minerals and
silica
4
3
2 unequal
(heterokont)
Chrysolaminarin
β
8. Diatoms
(
Bacillariophyta
)
a
,
c
1
,
c
2
,
c
3
β, ε
fuco-
Opaline silica
frustule
4
4
1 reproductive cell
only
Floridean starch
α
9. Red algae
(
Rhodophyta
)
a
α, β
Walls with
galactose
polymer matrix
2
0
0
10. Brown algae
(
Phaeophyta
)
a
,
c
1
,
c
2
,
c
3
β, ε
Laminarin
β
Walls with
alginate matrix
4
3
2 unequal
(heterokont)
reproductive
cells only
#Major pigments are shown in bold type.
*
Diagnostic carotenoids, used for HPLC analysis (Fig. 2.11): zea- (Zeaxanthin: also present in chlorophytes, cryptophytes), viola- (violaxanthin), peri- (Peridinin), allo-
(alloxanthin), fuco- (fucoxanthin, also present in chrysophytes).
Starch-like reserves
α
: α-1,4 glucan;
β
:β-1,3 glucan.
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