Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Ta b l e 3 . 7
Bioindicator Algae of Acid Lakes: Comparison of Chronically Acidified and Recovery-Mode Oligotrophic
Bohemian Forest Lakes.
Chronically Acidiied Lakes
Recovery-Mode Lakes
Lakes
Cerne jezero, Certova jezero, Rachelsee
Kleiner Arbersee, Prasilske jezero, Grosser
Arbersee, Laka
pH and buffering of
surface water
pH 4.7-5.1
Carbonate buffering system not operating
pH 5.8-6.2
Carbonate buffering system now operating
Total plankton biomass
∼100 μgCl
−1
Very low, dominated by bacteria
∼200 μgCl
−1
Higher, dominated by phytoplankton and
crustacean zooplankton
Phytoplankton biomass
(Chl-
a
concentration)
0.6-2.8 μgl
−1
4.2-17.9 μgl
−1
Dominant algae
No differences in species composition of phytoplankton:
-Dinoflagellates:
Peridinium umbonatum
,
Gymnodinium uberrimum
-Chrysophyte:
Dinobryon
spp.
Other algae typically
present in all lakes
Blue-green:
Limnothrix
sp.,
Pseudanabaena
sp.
Dinoflagellates:
Katodinium bohemicum
Cryptophytes:
Cryptomonas erosa
,
Cryptomonas marssonii
Chrysophytes:
Bitrichia ollula, Ochromonas
sp.
Spiniferomonas
sp.
Synura echinulata,
Green algae:
Carteria
sp.,
Chlamydomonas
sp.
Phytoplankton
biodiversity (total taxa)
No significant differences in biodiversity: 19-22 taxa in chronically acidified lakes, 15-27
in recovery-mode ones.
Source:
Nedbalova
et al.
, 2006. Reproduced with permission from Springer Verlag.
All data obtained during a September 2003 survey of the lakes.
phytoplankton composition closely similar to chron-
ically acid standing waters. These are dominated by
two dinoflagellates (
Peridiniumumbonatum
,
Gymno-
dinium uberrimum
) and a chrysophyte (
Dinobryon
sp.), whichserveas bioindicators. Other algaepresent
in the Czech acid lakes (Table 3.7) included many
small unicells (particularly chrysophytes and crypto-
phytes). Diatoms were not present, presumably due
to the chemical instability of the silica frustule under
highly acid conditions.
Northern Europe.
Acidification of lakes in South-
ern Sweden follows a similar pattern in terms of
algal species, with domination of many acid lakes by
the same bioindicator algae seen in Central Europe
-
P. umbonatum
,
G. uberrimum
and
Dinobryon
sp. (Hornstrom, 1999). In an earlier study of acid
Swedish lakes (typically total phosphorus
spp.,
Oocystis submarina
and small naked chryso-
and dinoflagellates as typical of such conditions.
In addition to atmospheric pollution, lake acidifi-
cation has also been caused by industrial effluents -
where it is frequently linked with heavy metal pollu-
tion.
Heavy metal pollution
Planktonic algae are considerably influenced by
heavy metal pollution, which can arise in a variety
of ways - including sewage discharge (Seidl
et al
.,
1998), resuspension of toxic sediments (Nayar
et al
.,
2004) and industrial effluent discharge.
Cattaneo
et al
. (1998) studied the response of lake
diatomstoheavymetalcontamination,analysingsed-
iment cores in a northern Italian lake (Lake d'Orta)
subject to industrial pollution:
<
5 μg
l
−1
,pH
<
5), Rosen (1981) also identiied
Mougeotia
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