Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Local acid surface
and ground water
discharges (rocky
and sandy soils)
Local direct and diffuse load
from forestry activities
A
Local and diffuse
load from wetlands
B
PELAGIC
ZONE
Industrial effluents
LITTORAL
ZONE
C
Effects and mixing
of inflowing waters
Diffuse load from
villages
Local and diffuse
load from traffic
Local direct and diffuse load from agriculture
Figure 3.2 Lake water quality: phytoplankton and periphyton as bioindicators. General lake water quality: phyto-
plankton in pelagic zone ( sites A, B, C). Local water quality at edge of lake (∙ periphyton in littoral zone), with inputs
(
) from a range of surrounding terrestrial sources. Figure adapted and redrawn from Eloranta, 2000.
Suitability of water for human use . This includes
compliance of water quality with regulations
for human consumption and recreation. Build-
up of colonial blue-green algal populations, with
increased concentrations of algal toxins, can lead
to closure of lakes for production of drink-
ing water and recreation. The use of a reactive
monitoring programme for blue-green algal devel-
opment over the summer months is now an essen-
tial part of water management for in many aquatic
systems (e.g. Hollingworth Lake, UK - Sigee,
2004).
where water quality at the lake edge directly relates
to different types of inflow from the catchment
area, is shown in Fig. 3.2.
Human impacts . Long-term monitoring of anthro-
pogenic effects within the ecosystem - including
changes (Section 3.2.3) such as eutrophication,
increase in organic pollutants, acidification and
heavy metal contamination. Analysis of indicator
diatoms within sediment cores has been particu-
larly useful in monitoring long-term changes in
water quality and general ecology (Section 3.2.2).
 
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