GI Analysis and GIS - A Primer of GIS: Fundamental Geographic and Cartographic Concepts - page 265

Summary
Geographic information analysis improves spatial decision making and com-
munication. It takes many forms, ranging from the comparison of data sets
to dynamic models of interactions. The choices made in analysis ref lect the
same conventions involved in any type of geographic representation or carto-
graphic representation. Three issues are especially significant for geo-
graphic information analysis: (1) choosing patterns or processes, (2) apply-
ing simple or complex analysis techniques, and (3) determining the
appropriate balance between accuracy and reliability. Basic geographic
information analysis techniques include analysis, combination (overlays),
and distance transformation (buffers). More complicated techniques include
neighborhood analysis and rating. Multivariate analysis is a more complex
form and geostatistics is the most complex form of analysis.
Geographic information analysis relies on GIS, which is also used for
cartographic presentation. GIS is used for every kind of geographic informa-
tion analysis and has become as significant as the microscope in changing
how people analyze the world.
Review Questions
1. What should GI analysis consider so as to communicate the desired
intent?
2. What is the difference between patterns and processes?
3. Why distinguish between simple and complex types of analysis?
4. Which GI analysis type is more common, buffers or overlay?
5. Is there a trade-off between accuracy and reliability?
6. How is Chrisman's definition of GI different from the “input-process-
output” definition?
7. What are the elements of Chrisman's GIS definition?
8. How does the limited ability of GIS to consider process constrain
considerations of events?
9. What is the difference between a translation and a transformation?
10. What is a common application of buffers?
Answers
1. What should GI analysis consider so as to communicate the desired
intent?
GI analyses should consider the history, culture, and purposes along with
issues of geographic representation and cartographic representation.
2. What is the difference between patterns and processes?
Patterns are geographic representations that portray a static geographic situ-
ation or a snapshot of an event. Processes represent the geographic interac-
tions dynamically.