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and potentially massive peer-review made possible by open research. Finally, there is clear
evidence that combining open research with service learning in the classroom provides super-
ior learning outcomes for students [ 15 ] .
2.2 Overcoming Challenges of Open-Source Research
To publish in the peer-reviewed literature, unfortunately (and perhaps for not much longer as
IP in the form of patent and copyright law are being challenged [ 16 ] ), authors normally must
sign away IP rights (copyright). Thus, prepublishing work on the Internet before submission
to a journal is a clear concern. Until IP rules are revised or completely eliminated, this risk
can be avoided by limiting the type of information that is shared prior to publication. In addi-
tion, most publishers such as Elsevier (who is publishing this topic) now allow the posting of
preprints in institutional repositories after submission—just as the physics community does in
arXiv.org .
Vandalism is a concern on open wikis. Since 2009 during the course of these experiments
with open research, we saw several cases of vandalism. This was not an overly large problem,
however, as they were easily and immediately corrected by Appropedia administrators as all
work in a page is tracked in the history tab ( Figure 2.3 ). Users can add pages to their watch-
lists (tab shown in upper middle of Figure 2.3 ) and can be notified if it is edited by someone
else. For high levels of security, you can request administrators to “protect” pages to avoid
further edits (comments are still possible on the discussion tab). 13 During the course of this ex-
periment, these additional levels of security were found to be unnecessary. All major articles
were published in the traditional peer-reviewed literature and made available via open access
in institutional repositories. All the other components were left as open edit to enable future
users to improve upon them.
 
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