Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
the compression in the reveals. Interrupting the tendons around the opening and
introducing an eccentric “spine tensioning” are therefore recommended.
Horizontal direction (DIN 1056 [13], DAfStb No. 240 [65])
Figure 4.23 gives us the following design equations:
Lintel load to [13] 9.3 for L
w
<
1.4m (and smaller than the inner radius):
d
q
Ed
2
=
3
f
cd
þ r
s
f
yd
where
f
cd
design value of concrete strength
f
yd
design value of yield point of steel
d wall thickness
r
s
geometric reinforcement ratio
Tie reinforcement in lintel and threshold:
A
s
;
F
¼
0
:
09
q
Ed
1
:
15
L
w
g
S
=
f
yk
¼
0
:
12
q
Ed
L
w
=
f
yk
with
g
S
¼
1
:
15
Support reinforcement in lintel and threshold:
A
s
;
F
¼
0
:
21
q
Ed
L
w
=
f
yk
Example: d
¼
0.40m, C 30/37,
r
s
¼
1%, BSt 500:
q
Ed
¼
2
=
3
ð
17
:
0
þ
0
:
01
435
Þ
0
:
40
¼
5
:
7MN
=
m or
5700 kN
=
m
8cm
2
A
s
;
F
¼ 0
:
12 5700 0
:
72
=
50 ¼ 9
:
Fig. 4.23 Horizontal reinforcement around an opening in a precast concrete wall
