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broadening the lands of France led him to become Emperor.
He instituted social, legal and administrative reforms, but
disastrous military campaigns forced him into exile. After a
triumphant return of 100 days, he was defeated by Wellington
at Waterloo, and died eventually on the remote island of
Saint-Helena.
Alexandre Dumas (1802-1870)
A writer popular worldwide, Dumas' most famous novels are
The Count of Monte Cristo and The Three Musketeers .
Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)
Father of modern medicine whose discoveries are credited
with lengthening the human lifespan. Developed a method
to eliminate contaminated milk (pasteurisation) and
immunisations to combat disease.
Georges Auguste Escoffier (1846-1935)
Elevated French cooking to an art, creating what is known
as haute cuisine.
Jean Moulin (1889-1943)
Leader of the French Resistance against the Nazi invaders
during World War II. Betrayed, Moulin was arrested and
tortured, but gave no information to the Nazis. He died on
the way to a concentration camp and has become for the
French an enduring symbol of the Resistance.
Maréchal Henri Philippe Pétain (1856-1951)
French hero of World War I, Pétain headed the collaborationist
puppet government of Vichy during World War II. He was
tried as a traitor and sentenced to life imprisonment.
Général Charles de Gaulle (1890-1970)
Leader of Free France during World War II, he inspired
resistance to the Nazi occupiers and collaborationist
government in Vichy. He returned to Paris in triumph in 1945
and became President of Fifth Republic from 1958-1969.
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