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body of primary data defining the interactions that occur in endemic
populations is currently lacking. There are very few good quality inter-
vention studies rather than correlational studies to help establish
causality and many questions remain to be answered about the implica-
tions of Ascaris co-infection on life threatening diseases, a selection of
which are outlined in Box 4.1 . More funding is required to tackle some of
these issues and shed light on the “rules” of co-infection with Ascaris
rather than studying just the “exceptions” of singly-infected hosts.
Acknowledgments
We thank Dr. Jason Hammonds for helpful discussion, Dr. Patrice Mimche for discussion and
critical reading of the manuscript, and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta for funding.
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