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2 -value of 123 183 can be verified by multiplying the sum of the
squared elements of Table 7.9 by n = 1 104 159.
The SVD R 1 / 2
The observed
χ
( X E ) C 1 / 2
= U V for Table 7.9 gives
U &
)
0 . 1496
0 . 4188 0 . 4404
0 . 1598
0 . 4907 0 . 1346
0 . 3941 0 . 2301 0 . 3400
(
+
0
.
1003
0
.
2729
0
.
5702
0
.
4899
0
.
2588
0
.
3156
0
.
0482
0
.
3361
0
.
2616
0 . 4558 0 . 6061
0 . 2151
0 . 0741
0 . 0544
0 . 2339
0 . 1607 0 . 1487 0 . 5172
0
.
1342
0
.
2595
0
.
5625
0
.
4055
0
.
2319
0
.
3595
0
.
2298
0
.
1669
0
.
4125
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
0
1015
0
3381
0
2075
0
0459
0
6847
0
2489
0
1029
0
4874
0
2264
0
.
2312
0
.
2059
0
.
0504
0
.
4958
0
.
0954
0
.
1041
0
.
7431
0
.
1391
0
.
2534
0
.
0184
0
.
2122
0
.
0803
0
.
2580
0
.
3717
0
.
3134
0
.
3410
0
.
6833
0
.
2492
0
.
0503
0
.
3299
0
.
1028
0
.
4635
0
.
0092
0
.
7189
0
.
2904
0
.
1876
0
.
1636
0
.
8217
0
.
0691
0
.
2359
0
.
1877
0
.
1391
0
.
1024
0
.
0175
0
.
1585
0
.
4171
&
)
0
.
2514
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00
.
1865
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(
+
0
0
0 . 0845
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 . 0501
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 . 0472
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 . 0325
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 . 0223
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 . 0116
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
and
V =
&
)
0
.
064
0
.
066
0
.
133
0
.
099
0
.
137
0
.
180
0
.
201
0
.
093
0
.
385
0
.
152
0
.
232
0
.
468
0
.
340
0
.
552
0
.
226
0
.
547
0
.
284
0
.
138
0
.
143
0
.
525
0
.
047
0
.
061
0
.
110
0
.
000
0
.
346
0
.
284
0
.
137
0
.
132
(
+
0
.
065
0
.
056
0
.
339
0
.
370
0
.
093
0
.
058
0
.
653
0
.
122
0
.
414
0
.
090
0
.
124
0
.
002
0
.
304
0
.
017
0
.
002
0
.
116
0
.
144
0
.
035
0
.
799
0
.
001
0
.
083
0
.
142
0
.
115
0
.
154
0
.
423
0
.
042
0
.
180
0
.
221
0
.
012
0
.
045
0
.
048
0
.
643
0
.
287
0
.
296
0
.
389
0
.
114
0
.
018
0
.
181
0
.
387
0
.
224
0
.
121
0
.
004
0
.
143
0
.
400
0
.
179
0
.
115
0
.
147
0
.
079
0
.
224
0
.
283
0
.
531
0
.
009
0
.
186
0
.
047
0
.
039
0
.
544
0
.
083
0
.
006
0
.
645
0
.
530
0
.
188
0
.
251
0
.
050
0
.
079
0
.
069
0
.
072
0
.
297
0
.
204
0
.
158
0
.
155
0
.
156
0
.
093
0
.
163
0
.
274
0
.
084
0
.
095
0
.
173
0
.
550
0
.
358
0
.
110
0
.
070
0
.
068
0
.
576
0
.
186
0
.
907
0
.
096
0
.
088
0
.
053
0
.
038
0
.
127
0
.
052
0
.
007
0
.
009
0
.
049
0
.
154
0
.
213
0
.
214
0
.
142
0
.
085
0
.
011
0
.
003
0
.
065
0
.
133
0
.
108
0
.
074
0
.
241
0
.
070
0
.
925
0
.
137
0
.
110
0
.
012
0
.
059
0
.
024
0
.
032
0
.
471
0
.
181
0
.
214
0
.
496
0
.
316
0
.
292
0
.
219
0
.
045
0
.
390
0
.
181
0
.
103
0
.
143
0
.
031
0
.
023
0
.
042
0
.
097
0
.
000
0
.
194
0
.
075
0
.
411
0
.
255
0
.
095
0
.
296
0
.
659
0
.
026
0
.
423
0
.
086
0
.
168
0
.
187
0
.
019
0
.
320
0
.
352
0
.
325
0
.
401
0
.
320
0
.
131
0
.
109
0
.
011
0
.
553
0
.
015
0
.
225
0
.
685
0
.
150
0
.
011
0
.
025
0
.
296
0
.
267
0
.
278
0
.
136
0
.
090
0
.
247
0
.
276
0
.
074
0
.
227
1 / 2
is given in Figure 7.1. In this one-dimensional biplot all axes representing the columns
are actually on top of each other but have been vertically shifted, allowing their scalings
to be used for determining the values for each of the provinces. This can be done by
dropping a line vertically from a point representing any of the provinces onto the axis and
reading off the value as is done with an ordinary scatterplot. We will provide more details
when discussing the two-dimensional biplot constructed using the first two columns of
U
1 / 2
A one-dimensional biplot constructed from the first columns of U
and V
1
/
2
1
/
2 . We construct the one-dimensional biplot in Figure 7.1 by using the
and V
R instruction
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