Approaches to Evaluation - Evaluating Sustainable Development in the Built Environment - page 65

Driving
force

State

Response

Figure 3.3 Driving force-state-response model.

fundamental and for which no substitution is possible. This could
include, for example, a reasonably stable climate or biological diversity.
There remain many challenges to using monetary indices. Among
them is disagreement about how to express all forms of capital in mon-
etary terms; problems of data availability; questions about substitu-
tion; and the integration of intra-generational equity concerns within
and across countries. Nonetheless, the concept of using capital as a
way to track sustainable development could be a powerful tool for
decision-making, and work in this area is continuing.

The driving force-state-response model

In the driving force, state and response (DSR) framework (Fig. 3.3), a
variation of the previous pressure-state-response model (OECD, 1994),
later expanded to the driver-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR)
framework, human activities and external forces (the drivers) are seen
as producing pressures that can induce changes (impacts) in the state
of the biophysical and socio-economic environments and thus on the
state of human settlements. Society then responds to changes in pres-
sure or state with policies and programmes intended to prevent, reduce
or mitigate pressures and their impacts. These responses in turn produce
new pressures.