Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Emphasizing Bioengineering Aspects to Genomics
DNA replication is the process of producing two identical replicas from one original
DNA molecule [
4
,
6
]. This biological process occurs in all living organisms and is
the basis for biological inheritance. This is excellent example of molecular bioengi-
neering: highly intelligent integration of biology and development of new technol-
ogy in terms of processing and engineering
DNA sequencing
as a fundamental tool
in biological and medical research. DNA molecules contain the heritable genetic
information in all living organisms and encode all the proteins in our body [
14
,
15
].
Therefore, determination of DNA sequence is useful in basic biological research,
evolutionary biology, as well as the applied biological fi elds, such as diagnostic or
forensic research [
15
].
High
-
throughput DNA sequencing is essential for per-
sonalized medicine
. To achieve this dream, the price of genome sequencing should
be dramatically decreased to a level that most people can afford.
Despite the refi nements of
Sanger sequencing
, the current genome sequenc-
ing cost remains formidable. Therefore, revolutionary advances in DNA sequencing
technology are demanded. To overcome the limitations of the current sequencing
technologies, a variety of new DNA sequencing methods have been investigated
with the aim of eventually realizing the goal of the $1,000 genome, including
sequencing by synthesis (SBS). Thus, the certain companies built upon current
