MicroRNAs and Biomarker Discovery - Proteomic and Metabolomic Approaches to Biomarker Discovery - page 372

TABLE 1 Selected Examples of Deregulated miRNAs in Different Forms of Cancer

Up- or
downregulation miRNA Function Cancer type (selection) Reference

miR-17~92 cluster Up Oncogene Lymphoma 13

Up Oncogene Mantel cell lymphoma 14

Up Oncogene Retinoblastoma 15

Up Oncogene Breast cancer 16

miR-21 Up Oncogene Lung cancer 17

Up Oncogene Breast cancer 18

Up Oncogene Glioblastoma 19

miR-155 Up Oncogene Lymphocytic leukemia 20

Up Oncogene Colorectal cancer 21

Up Oncogene Breast cancer 22

miR-15/miR-16 Down Tumor suppressor Chronic lymphocytic leukemia 23

Down Tumor suppressor Prostate cancer 24

Down Tumor suppressor Pituitary adenomas 25

miR-34 Down Tumor suppressor Neuroblastoma 26

Down Tumor suppressor Pancreatic cancer 27

Down Tumor suppressor Non-small cell lung cancer 28

let-7 family Down Tumor suppressor Breast cancer 29

Down Tumor suppressor Melanoma 30

Down Tumor suppressor Lung cancer 31

18 to 25 nt makes detection by conventional PCR
techniques impossible. Furthermore, discrimina-
tion between miRNA family members differing
by only one or a few nucleotides is not easy to
achieve. On the other hand, obtaining readable
miRNA expression data even from partially
degraded RNA samples is possible, as miRNAs
are far more stable than mRNAs.
The ideal miRNA pro

TABLE 2 Selected Examples of Mutated Genes for the
miRNA-Processing Machinery in Different
Forms of Cancer

Gene Cancer type Reference

Exportin-5 Hereditary nonpolyposis colon

cancer

32,33

ling method should
allow a quantitative analysis of miRNA levels
fromsmall amounts of different startingmaterials,
while showing high speci

TRBP Colorectal cancer, endometrial

cancer

34

Dicer Pleuropulmonary blastoma,

nonepithelial ovarian cancer

35,36

city between miRNA
family members and enabling the researcher to