Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
CHAPTER
23
Autoantibo dies and Biomarke r Discovery
Ji Qiu, Karen S. Anderson
Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
OUTLINE
Introduction
363
Detection of Post-Translational Modi
cations 371
History of the Detection of Autoantibodies
364
Association of Autoantibodies with Disease
States
Immuno uorescent Assays
364
372
Progressive Puri cation of Antigens
364
Autoimmune Disorders
372
Targeted Detection of Autoantibodies
364
Type 1 Diabetes
372
Proteomics Methods for the Detection
of Autoantibodies
Neurologic Disorders
372
365
Cancer
373
Phage Display of cDNA Libraries
365
Challenges and Future Development
374
Cellular Fractionation and Immunoblotting
369
Protein Microarrays
369
References
374
Peptide and Peptoid Arrays
370
INTRODUCTION
both adaptability and memory, there are clear
genetic and environmental components to the
depth and speci
The immune system plays a fundamental role
in the maintenance of homeostasis. Dysregula-
tion of immune responses is observed in
multiple pathogenic states, including autoimmu-
nity, diabetes, neurologic disorders, and cancer.
The mechanisms by which the immune system
contributes to the pathogenesis of these diseases
are being uncovered. Because the effectiveness of
the immune system to
city of the immune response
to a given antigen. B cells produce antibodies
with target speci
cities, embedding genetic vari-
ability both in the genomic rearrangement of the
VDJ gene segments and the acquisition of
somatic hypermutations in the variable regions,
which leads to at least 10 11 potential unique anti-
body structures. Antibodies that target self-
proteins are called autoantibodies to distinguish
fight infections relies on
 
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