Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
FIGURE 1
Description of ideal methods for disease diagnosis.
recovery. Based upon the individual cases, the
predictive markers can be used for the selection
of the correct therapeutic procedure. The poten-
tial biomarker should be con
Positive Predictive Value (PPV)
Positive predictive value (PPV) is de
ned as
the percent of individuals in whom the test is
positive and the disease is present.
rmed that it is
indeed speci
c to the disease state and is not
a function of the variability within the biological
sample of patients due to differences in diet,
genetic background, lifestyle, age, sex, ethnicity,
and so on.
Negative Predictive Value (NPV)
Negative predictive value (NPV) is de
ned as
the percent of individuals in whom the test is
negative and the disease is not present.
Sensitivity
Sensitivity of a test or marker is de
Proteomics
Proteomics is the study of all proteins in a bio-
logical sample. The complexity and dynamic
concentration range of the proteins, along with
the dynamic nature of the proteins that consti-
tute the proteome, makes the detection and
quantitation of each protein virtually impossible.
In general, most biomarker discovery studies
aim to characterize as many proteins as possible.
ned as the
percentage of positive samples identi
ed by
a model as true positive. The false negative rate
is the percent of patients with the disease for
whom the test is negative.
Speci
city
Speci
city is de
ned as the percentage of
negative samples
(individuals without
the
disease) identi
ed by a model as true negative.
False positive is the number of
Pro
ling
Pro
individuals
without
the disease in whom the test
is
ling is the detection of panels of bio-
markers (proteins or metabolites)
positive.
that may
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