Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
DEDICATION
of Clinical Chemistry, published in 1982 and 1984,
but there is much more around
d
look over their
years of scienti
c production
59
as well!
The surprising alliance between old and
modern technologies described in this chapter
recalls the synergy between the recently (late
1970s) discovered 2-DE mapping technology
and tools used in astronomy. This marriage
was largely due to the intuition of Norman
Anderson and his son, Leigh, when they started
performing large-scale 2D mapping with the
brilliant idea of creating a Human Protein Index,
an atlas that would help physicians diagnosing
any pathology at the patient
Acknowledgments
PGR thanks Regione Lombardia for support in the joint
PoliMI NUS (Singapore) project on CRC biomarkers (ID
158001, rif. SAL-61). GC thanks Fondazioni Mara Wilma e
Bianca Querci, La Nuova Speranza, and Compagnia di San
Paolo for
financial support.
References
1. Westermeier R. Electrophoresis in Practice. VCH. 4th ed.
2005.
2. Penque D. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and
mass spectrometry for biomarker discovery. Proteomics
Clin Appl 2009;
3
:155
e
72.
3. Raymond S. Acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Ann NY
Acad Sci 1964;
121
:350
e
65.
4. Kaltschmidt E, Wittmarin HG. Ribosomal proteins. VII:
Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
for
s bed. In those
days, 2D maps, when revealed by autoradiog-
raphy, could easily display thousands of spots,
and their cataloging and comparisons would
need tools in vogue with those of astronomers
who were mapping portions of the night sky.
So, just as astronomers in in the early 1900s at
Mount Palomar hired
'
(i.e., women
who commuted via Conestoga wagons to the
mountaintop from San Diego every day to count
and map the star plate photographs taken
during night observations), they borrowed
computer (this time, machine driven) programs
for analyzing and comparing 2D maps. Their
image-analysis program was named after Tycho
Brahe, the famous Danish astronomer who per-
formed astronomical observations in two tall
towers built on the Island of Haven (Uraniborg
and Stjerneborg). Brahe was living at the magnif-
icent court of Frederick II, an enlightened king
who transformed his castle into a Renaissance
palace just as Lorenzo il Magni
“
computers
”
fingerprinting of ribosomal proteins. Anal Biochem
1970;
36
:401
e
12.
5. O
Farrell PH. High resolution two-dimensional elec-
trophoresis of proteins. JBiolChem1975;
250
:400
e
4021.
6. Righetti PG. Immobilized pH gradients: theory and meth-
odology. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1990.
7. Righetti PG, Bossi A. Isoelectric focusing in immobi-
lized pH gradients: an update. J Chromatog B 1997;
699
:
777
e
89.
8. Luche S, Santoni V, Rabilloud T. Evaluation of nonionic
and zwitterionic detergents as membrane protein sol-
ubilizers in two-dimensional electrophoresis. Proteomics
2003;
3
:249
e
53.
9. Neuhoff V, Arold N, Taube D, et al. Improved staining
of proteins in polyacrylamide gels including isoelectric
focusing gels with clear background at nanogram
sensitivity using Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 and
R-250. Electrophoresis 1988;
9
:255
e
62.
10. Hanash SM, Tubergen DG, Heyn RM, et al. Two-
dimensional gel electrophoresis of cell proteins in
childhood leukemia, with silver staining: a preliminary
report. Clin Chem 1982;
28
:1026
e
30.
11. Valdes I, Pitarch A, Gil C, et al. Novel procedure for the
identi
'
co did in Flor-
ance. That sort of work required massive invest-
ment. When Norman, a man of vision, went to
Washington to ask for substantial help, the non-
visionary bureaucrats there turned him down.
Thus, the Andersons
superb lab at the Argonne
National Laboratory slowly dissolved and their
monumental work faded away. But thanks to
this larger-than-life
'
fingerprinting
combining two-dimensional electrophoresis with
cation of proteins by mass
figure and his son, modern
tools for 2D mapping have come of age. Readers
are urged to read in particular two special issues
uo-
rescent SYPRO red staining. J Mass Spectrom 2000;
35
:
672
e
82.
Search WWH ::
Custom Search