Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabonomics - Proteomic and Metabolomic Approaches to Biomarker Discovery - page 127

CHAPTER
8

Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrom etry-Based Metab onomics

Lian Yee Yip, Eric Chun Yong Chan
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore

OUTLINE

Introduction 131 Strategies to Address Large-Scale

Metabonomic Investigations

137

GC/MS in Metabonomics 132

Methodological Considerations in Sample
Preparation and Analysis 138
Quality Control 138
Retention Index Markers 140
Managing Missing Values and Normalization 140

Overview of GC/MS-Based Metabonomics 132

Experimental Design 133

Sample Preparation 133

GC/MS Data Acquisition 134

Data Analysis 134

Biomarker Discovery 135 Conclusion and Future Outlook 141

Strengths and Limitations of GC/MS 135

References 141

Applications 135

diagnosis or prognosis of diseases, prediction of
therapeutic and toxicological outcomes, and
assessment of potential drug candidates. Com-
pared to genomics and proteomics, metabo-
nomics is an emerging

INTRODUCTION

research
is currently seen as the key to biomarker
discovery. A biomarker is de

Biological knowledge from “ omics ”

field that involves the
quantitative measurement of the dynamic multi-
parametric metabolic response of living systems
to pathophysiological stimuli or genetic modifi-

ned as a character-
istic that is measured objectively and evaluated
as an indicator of physiology, pathology, or phar-
macology. 1 Through the analysis of genome, pro-
teome, and metabolome, researchers endeavor
to unravel novel biomarkers

-

cation. 2

In metabonomics, nontargeted global

pro ling of metabolites (molecular weight less

than 1,500 Da) is performed using biological that facilitate