Biology Reference
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(a)
400
200
0
1
2
4
6
10
Age (weeks)
(b)
80
60
40
20
0
1
2
4
6
10
Age (weeks)
FIGURE 8.10
Duration of tonic immobility in 1-, 2-, 4-, 6-, or 10-week-old quail chicks
selected for long (
) or short ( ) duration of tonic immobility over 13 generations (a) and
distance run on the treadmill by 1-, 2-, 4-, 6-, or 10-week-old quail chicks selected for high (
'
'
)
or low (
) levels of social reinstatement behavior over 13 generations (b).
of an animal into a novel environment. Being placed in an open field
induces a low level of fear due primarily to the novelty of the test area.
Behavior in the open field may also reflect social reinstatement tendencies
because an animal which is isolated in the arena may suffer a motivational
conflict between fear and the desire to reinstate social contact with its com-
panions (
Faure et al., 1983; Gallup and Suarez, 1980
). Therefore, it was
important to test the effects of selection for TI and SR behavior on the
behavior in the open field. This was performed using a long-duration open-
field test (30 minutes split into three periods of 10 minutes;
Launay, 1993
).
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