Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
been met. Hence, the BOEMRE regulations and accompanying guid-
ance lack the clarity and specificity needed for the development of off-
shore wind energy on the OCS.
6. As discussed in Chapter 2, states and private companies are developing
plans for offshore wind energy projects in state waters and on the OCS.
Well-defined U.S. regulations for development on the OCS are needed
( a ) to provide a resource for states as they develop requirements for
projects in state waters and ( b ) to supply industry with sufficient clarity
and certainty on how projects will be evaluated as companies seek the
necessary financing. Further delays in developing an adequate national
regulatory framework are likely to impede development of offshore
wind facilities in U.S. waters. Moreover, developments in state waters
could proceed in the absence of federal regulations, possibly leading to
inconsistent safety and performance across projects. The United States
urgently needs a set of clear and specific standards and regulatory
expectations to avoid these negative outcomes, facilitate the orderly
development of offshore wind energy, and support the stable eco-
nomic development of a nascent industry.
REFERENCES
Abbreviations
ABS
American Bureau of Shipping
API
American Petroleum Institute
AWEA
American Wind Energy Association
BSH
Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie
DNV
Det Norske Veritas
GL
Germanischer Lloyd
IEC
International Electrotechnical Commission
MMS
Minerals Management Service
ABS. 2010. Guide for Building and Classing Offshore Wind Turbine Installations. Houston,
Tex.
Andersen, K. H. 2009. Bearing Capacity Under Cyclic Loading—Offshore, Along the
Coast, and on Land. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 46, No. 5, pp. 513-535.
API. 1997. Supplement 1: Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing and Constructing
Fixed Offshore Platforms: Load and Resistance Factor Design. API RP 2A-LRFD-S1.
Washington, D.C., Feb. 1.
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