Environmental Engineering Reference
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Windenergie Group specifications (though the latter two guidelines are
heavily influenced by the API offshore standards for their offshore support
structure guidance). However, some of the specifications of API RP 2A are
not adequate for the design of offshore turbines, for which dynamic time-
dependent behavior must be determined as accurately as possible by using,
for example, modern time-domain analysis methods.
Foundation designs are integrated into the type certification for some
turbines. Where this is the case, the foundation design must be evaluated
for the external conditions for which it is intended. Poor geotechnical inves-
tigation and foundation design have led to delays and cost overruns at
European wind farms (Gerdes et al. 2006).
Project Certification
Technical design requirements (IEC 61400-3) typically are separated
from certification procedures (IEC 61400-22). The latter standard defines
the certification process and relies on technical standards such as IEC
61400-3 to specify the design requirements. The overall certification qual-
ity system needed to implement the full process from design through
manufacturing, installation, continuous monitoring, and decommission-
ing requires management procedures. Project certification is covered
under IEC 61400-22 (see Figure 3-2). According to this standard, the pur-
Type
Certificate
Design Basis
Site
Assessment
Site-Specific Site
Assessment
Manufacturing
Surveillance
Transport /
Installation /
Commissioning
Surveillance
Project
Certificate
Periodic
Monitoring
FIGURE 3-2 Project certification process under IEC 61400-22.
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