Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Crop
Management
practices in
organic crops
Crop protection consequences as
compared to conentional
Reference
Cereals
(wheat,
barley,
triticale,
rye)
Organic practices
(lower fertility, no
pesticides)
Lower densities of aphids, higher
densities of weevils, leaf beetles,
spiders, plant hoppers, plant bugs and
sawfly larvae
Moreby and
Sotherton
(1997)
Lower infection with ear blight
( Fusarium spp.) and lower mycotoxin
contamination
Birzele et al .
(2002)
Organic practices
(lower fertility, no
pesticides)
Reduced incidence and severity of foot
rots and root rots, eyespot, and take-
all; similar or less powdery mildew ( E .
graminis ); similar, less or more leaf spot
and glume blotch ( S . nodorum ); similar
or more leaf rust ( Puccinia spp.); less
stripe rust ( P . striiformis ); less leaf
blotch ( M . graminicola )
Various authors
cited in van
Bruggen and
Termorshuizen
(2003) (root
diseases) and in
van Bruggen
(1995) (root and
shoot diseases)
Organic with red
clover as pre-crop
Higher numbers of total predators
Basedow (1991)
Organic
experimental fields,
sulfur applications
More severe Septoria leaf blight at end
of season; more severe powdery
mildew at beginning of season
Higginbotham
(1996)
Grape
Organic
management; cover
crops
No difference in Phylloxera , but
reduced severity of secondary fungal
root infections
Lotter et al .
(1999)
Maize
Organic
management,
winter cover crops,
composted chicken
manure
Aphids, mites and corn ear worm
fluctuated from year to year, but were
similar in organic and conventional
field plots; more seed corn maggot in
1 of 8 years
Clark et al .
(1998)
Olive
No synthetic
pesticides
Low mortality and higher fecundity of
lacewing adults
Corrales and
Campos (2004)
Pepper
Organic
management,
compost, cover crop
Corn borer ( Ostrinia nubilalis ) larval
populations similar, beneficial insect
populations greater in 1 year; fruit
damage by insects or diseases less or
similar
Delate et al .
(2003)
Potato
Absence of
fungicides or only
copper fungicides
Much more severe late blight
( Phytophthora infestans )
Piorr and
Hindorf (1986),
Zwankhuizen et
al . (1998)
Rice
Ecological
agriculture practices
Similar or higher arthropod
abundance, with no decrease in yield
Hossain et al .
(2002)
Organic practices
Similar abundance of major pests,
damage and species richness of
arthropods
Hesler et al .
(1993)
Straw-
berry
Organic, no
insecticides
Higher tarnished plant bug density and
damage
Rhainds et al .
(2002)
Mulch, no
fumigation
Cylindrocarpon root rot greater in
organic
Rosado-May et
al . (1994)
 
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