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From Eqs.(20) and (21), the ratio of decoherence times of quantum computation utilizing
evanescent (tunnelling) photons and the conventional quantum computation becomes
2
2
τ
′
/
τ
≈
(
E
/
E
′
)
=
[
β
(
β
−
1
)]
(25)
D
D
0
0
When
we
let
,
which
is
the
time
required
in
−
14
τ
=
2
.
6
×
10
D
′
2
≈
quantum computation at the room temperature, we have
τ
=
τ
×
[
β
(
β
−
1
)]
0
03
sec
for
D
D
λ 100
=
μ
.
−
5
−
4
10
~
10
sec
, which is required for conducting
quantum computation estimated by Hagen, Hameroff and Tsuzynski [2002], and which also
satisfies the time scale of neuron firing given by
This satisfies the decoherence time,
−
3
−
4
τ
sec [Tegmark ,2000].
Conventionally it is supposed that the brain seems far too warm for quantum computation
apparently running into the problem of a decoherence time, which would persist for only
13
10
~
10
10
−
seconds at brain temperatures. But recent evidence shows that quantum processes in
biological molecules are actually enhanced at higher temperatures [Ouyang and
Awschalom,2003].
Thus it is considered that coherent quantum states may be preserved in microtubules at
room temperature by superluminal photons, which attain high efficient computation
compared with the conventional silicon processors.
S
UPER
C
OHERENT
O
RGANISM VIA
T
ACHYON
F
IELD
Roger Penrose and Stuart Hameroff have proposed a quantum theory of consciousness to
explain that mental processing cannot be wholly mechanical or algorithmic. R.Penrose
[1989,1994,1999] proposed his idea in his topics on the connection between fundamental
physics and human consciousness, in which he argued the possibility of quantum computation
in human brains, which is superior to conventional computer systems. It seems to be obvious
that a digital computer cannot perform all the functions of the brain [Penrose, 1994].
The quantum computer may be eventually closer to the brain function that the digital
computation because classical mechanics cannot fully explain consciousness and quantum
mechanical phenomena such as entanglement and superposition may play an important role in
the brain's function.
Laszlo [2004] pointed out the puzzle in his topic that the living organism is extraordinary
coherent with the world around it, dynamically, almost instantly correlated with all other
parts, shown as follows;
•
The mind of one person appears able to act on the brain and body of another.
•
Modern people display a capacity for spontaneous transference of impression and
images, especially when they are emotionally close to each other.
This is impossible if the human brain functions similar to the conventional computer
systems using silicon processors. The level of coherence exhibited by organism suggests that
