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F
Figure 7. Quant
tum coherence s
superposition in
n tublins.
M.Jibu et a
was related wit
he Higgs mech
ffects of elect
were studied by
nderstood as
vanescent (tun
oherent optica
f each brain c
hat consciousn
modes (called N
Faber et a
microtubles co
torage and inf
ody.
However, i
must be less th
emperature (=
onduct a singl
Max Tegm
he time scale
ecoherence tim
rain functions
But some r
Bialek and Sch
rocessing sys
nformation pro
ubunits of cyto
Hagen, H
alculations on
al. [1994, 199
th the macros
hanism, i.e. th
tromagnetic in
y Del Guidanc
arising from
nneling) photo
al encoder in a
ell, acting as
ness mechanis
Nambu-Golds
al [2006] prop
ould perform
formation pro
6, 1997a,b] al
scopic conden
hat of general
nteraction am
ce et.al [1986]
m those creati
ons in the brai
a dense micro
a holographic
sms in the bra
tone bosons) i
posed the mo
computation
ocessing, whic
lso proposed t
nsates of mass
biological ce
mong electric
]. They claime
ion-annihilatio
in. They also c
scopic optical
c information p
ain was achiev
in the vacuum
odels of the m
and they es
ch was found
that the consc
sive evanescen
ll functioning
dipoles in bio
ed that human
on dynamics
considered tha
l computing n
processor. G.V
ved by the co
m.
mind based o
stimated the
d at temperatu
ious process i
nt photons ge
g arising from
ological syste
n consciousnes
of a finite n
at each microt
network in the
Vitiello [1995
ondensation of
in the brain
enerated by
dynamical
ems, which
ss could be
number of
tuble was a
cytoplasm
5] proposed
f collective
w
th
ef
w
un
ev
co
of
th
m
on the idea th
favorable con
ures close to
hat neuron
ndition for
the human
m
st
bo
it was found b
han the therma
=
by Unruh [19
al time scale
s value is too
on.
so published a
firing and e
10
95] that the ti
T
ime required i
ich yields
in quantum co
14
omputation
at the room
ocessors to
/
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, whi
o small for th
k
B
6 ×
sec a
nal silicon pro
2
he convention
10
m
te
co
20
). This
e gate operatio
mark [2000] als
e of neuron
me by at least
as a quantum
researches sug
hweitzer, 198
stem. Hamero
ocessing coul
oskeletal prote
ameroff, and
n a model w
°
a refutation of
excitations in
ording to his p
room temperat
e brain require
ans that the hu
oposed the id
d by compute
ubles.
[2002] have
fferent from t
f the Orch-OR
n microtubles
paper, it is rea
ture.
es quantum co
uman brain ha
dea in his pa
er-like transfe
R model in his
s was slower
asonably unlik
s paper that
r than the
ely that the
th
de
br
/1
. Acco
m computer at r
ggest that the
7], which mea
off [1982] pro
ld be occurred
eins in microtu
d Tuszynski
which was dif
10
omputing for
as to work as
aper that the
er and resonan
perception
a quantum
biological
nce among
[B
pr
in
su
based his
Tegmark's
claimed tha
the Orch- Or
at Tegmark
r model and
ca
