Notes - Agri-culture: Reconnecting People, Land and Nature - page 211

emissions during transport and greater congestion on the roads. There are also
many unnecessary food swaps between countries, with large amounts of the same
products being imported and exported to and from the same countries. The UK,
for example, exports 213,000 tonnes of pig meat each year, yet also imports
272,000 tonnes, resulting in a large number of unnecessary road movements (see
Table 5.5).

Table 5.5 The UK's Food Swap To and From the European Union's 14
Member Countries and the Rest of the World, 2000

Sector Domestic production Exports Imports

(thousand tonnes) (thousand tonnes) (thousand tonnes)

Poultry , 1514 170 363

Pigs 0, 738 213 272

Cattle/calves 0, 706 9 202

Sheep/lambs 0, 390 125 129

Milk (million litres) 14,054 423 124

Wheat 16,700 3505 930

Barley , 6490 1730 51

Source: DEFRA, Annual Statistics, 2001

22 See Garkovich et al, 1995.
23 Butala, 2000.
24 See Coop and Brunkhorst, 1999; Swift et al, 1996.
25 See Kline, 1996.
26 See Butler-Flora and Flora, 1996.
27 See Tall, 1996.
28 Drennan Watson (personal communication, 2001) makes an interesting
observation about Gaelic communities in Scotland: 'You don't ask a person in Gaelic
where they come from, you ask them where they belong to. There is a special word for this belonging
to a place - Duthcas - for which there is no equivalent in the English language.'

29 Table 5.6 Proportion of the Food Pound Returned to Farmers

UK US

Expenditure on food by consumers UK£92.3 billion US$788 billion

Farmers' gross receipts UK£14.1 billion US$208.7 billion

Farmers' expenditure on seeds, UK£7.4 billion US$181 billion

feedstuffs, pesticides, fertilizers,
machinery fuel and insurance
Farmers' net share of the food pound 7.3% 3.5%

Sources: DEFRA and USDA statistics

30 See Bignall and McCracken, 1996.
31 There are many variations in interpretation in what organic farming
should be doing. Some indicate that produce should only be marketed locally;