Notes - Agri-culture: Reconnecting People, Land and Nature - page 206

25 The INTERFISH, NOPEST and GOLDA integrated pest management
for rice and aquaculture projects in Bangladesh are supported by the UK
Department for International Development (DFID) and the European Union,
and are implemented by CARE.
26 For the semiochemicals research and outcomes, see Pickett, 1999; Khan
et al, 2000.
27 The push-pull strategy involves trapping pests on highly susceptible trap
plants (pull) and driving them away from the crop using a repellent intercrop
(push). The forage grasses Pennisetum purpureum (Napier grass) and Sorghum vulgare
sudanense (Sudan grass) attract greater ovi-position by stem borers ( Chilo spp) than
in cultivated maize. The non-host forage plants Melinis minutiflora (molasses grass)
and Desmodium uncinatum (silver leaf) repel female stalk borers. Intercropping with
molasses and sudan grass increases parasitism, particularly by the larval parasitoid
Cotesia sesamiae and the pupal parasitoid Dentichasmis busseolae. Melinis contains several
physiologically active compounds. Two of these inhibit ovi-position (egg-laying)
in Chilo , even at low concentrations. Molasses grass also emits a chemical, ( E )-
4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, which summons the borers' natural enemies.
Napier grass also has its own defence mechanism against stem borers: when the
larvae enter the stem, the plant produces a gum-like substance that kills the pest.
And finally, intercropping maize with the fodder legumes Desmodium uncinatum
(silver leaf) and D. intortum (green leaf) reduces infestation by the parasitic weed
Striga hermonthica by a factor of 40 compared to maize monocrop.
28 For more on ecoagriculture, see McNeeley and Scherr, 2001.
29 For the effects of sustainable agriculture in Cuba, see Murphy, 1999;
Funes, 2001; Kovaleski, 1999; Socorro Castro, 2001; Funes et al, 2002.
30 On aquaculture, see Brummet, 2000.
31 For reviews of the emergence of SRI in Madagascar, and its spread
elsewhere, see the work of Norman Uphoff at Cornell University: Uphoff,
1999, 2001.
32 The farmed shrimps are Penaeus spp. or Macrobrachium spp.
33 See Li Wenhua, 2001.
Chapter 5 Only Reconnect
1 For more on Suffolk Punches, see Suffolk Horse Society, Woodbridge,
Suffolk (www.suffolkhorsesociety.org.uk). See also Evans (1960) The Horse and
the Furrow . It is interesting to note that breeders of Suffolk Punches were also
involved in breeding other now rare Suffolk animals, such as Red Poll cattle,
Suffolk sheep and Large Black pigs.
2 The loss of horses from the landscape was not only due to their replace-
ment with efficient machines. Horses regularly themselves suffered from grass
sickness, a disease even today not fully understood, and their numbers had not
recovered after the huge losses in the World War I. Reliable machinery thus helped
to replace relatively unreliable horses.