Notes - Agri-culture: Reconnecting People, Land and Nature - page 203

and Piacentino, 1996; Ekins, 1999; OECD, 1997; Jarass and Obermair, 1997;
Rayement et al, 1998; DETR, 1999a; Ribaudo et al, 1999.
46 See Ekins, 1999, for a comprehensive review of environmental taxes.
47 See Myers, 1998; Potter, 1998; Dumke and Dobbs, 1999; Hanley and
Oglethorpe, 1999.
48 For more on Cuba, see Rossett, 1997, 1998; Funes, 2001.
49 Swiss Agency for Environment, Forests and Landscape and Federal Office
of Agriculture, 1999, 2000. See also Dubois et al, 2000.
Chapter 4 Food for All
1 See Maxwell and Frankenberger, 1992; Hoddinott, 1999; ACC/SCN,
2000; Smith and Haddad, 1999.
2 The effect of dietary improvements can be dramatic, and nutritionists have
long considered the positive effects of supplementing diets. The effect of the
treating of Indonesian children with vitamin A tablets has been shown to reduce
child mortality by 30 per cent (Smith and Haddad, 1999). Other micronutrients,
such as vitamins B, D, folic acid and iron, could be added to wheat flour; but
rice is more difficult. It cannot easily be used as a fortification vehicle, and poor
people often cannot get access to sufficient quality and quantity of foods that
are rich in micronutrients, vitamins and minerals.
3 See ACC/SCN, 2000.
4 See Chapter 3 of this topic for more on the real costs of food production.
Key references are Balfour, 1943; Carson, 1963; Conway and Pretty, 1991;
Pimentel et al, 1992, 1995; Steiner et al, 1995; EEA, 1998; Waibel and Fleischer,
1998; Norse et al, 2000; Pretty et al, 2000a, 2000b; McNeely and Scherr, 2001;
Uphoff, 2002.
5 For a selection of topics on sustainable agriculture, see Altieri, 1995;
Thrupp, 1996; Conway, 1997; Pretty, 1995a, 1998; Hinchliffe et al, 1999;
NRC, 2000; Uphoff, 2002.
6 We used a four-page questionnaire as the main survey instrument for
sustainable agriculture projects and initiatives. It addressed: key impacts on total
food production, and on natural, social and human capital; the project/initiative
structure and institutions; details of the context and reasons for success; and
spread and scaling-up (institutional, technical and policy constraints).
The questionnaire was centred on an assets-based model of agricultural systems,
and was developed in order to understand both the role of these assets as inputs
to agriculture and the consequences of agriculture upon them. The questions
were also formulated with regard to the nine types of sustainable agriculture
improvement identified as the conceptual base for this project. We collated all
returned questionnaires and secondary material, and added this to the country
databases. All data sets were re-examined in order to identify gaps and ambiguities,
and correspondents were contacted again to help fill these. We established
trustworthiness checks by engaging in regular personal dialogue with respondents,