Notes - Agri-culture: Reconnecting People, Land and Nature - page 195

23 For more on the nature of adat , see Geertz, 1993. Also see Segundad,
1999 and Gapor, 2001.
24 See Peluso, 1996. She also makes the following statement: 'By depicting
resources users (the local ones) as wild, destructive (or illiterate, uneducated, backward or non-
innovative), state resource management agencies think they can justify their use of militaristic
environmental protection.'
25 See Pretty and Pimbert, 1995; Scott, 1998.
26 See Dipera, 1999, pp131-132.
27 Adams and McShane, 1992. For a history of African land use, see also
Reader, 1997. Blaikie and Jeanrenaud (in Ghimire and Pimbert, 1997) quote
Colonel Mervyn Cowin, an early preservationist who helped to set up the
Serengeti National Park, which was to be a 'cultured person's playground', with the
main purpose to 'protect nature from the natives' .
28 For details of the Barabaig, see Lane, 1990, 1993; Lane and Pretty, 1990.
Partial evaluations were by Stone, 1982, and Young, 1983, both quoted in Lane,
1990. The elders are quoted by Paavo, 1989, and recorded by Lane, 1990.
29 See Gadgil and Guha, 1992, p125.
30 For an alternative view, that British foresters worked with a genuine
interest in conservation rather than simply for maximizing economic returns, see
Grove, 1990, in MacKenzie (ed) Imperialism and the Natural World . See also Arnold
(1996) Colonising Nature , Chapter 6.
31 In Kothari et al, 1989.
32 See Roy and Jackson, 1993; Colchester, 1997; Duffy, 2000.
33 Gadgil, 1998, p229; Khare, 1998.
34 See Muir (1911) A Summer in the Sierra . For quotes used in this section,
see pp31, 43-47, 77. For a comprehensive text of all of John Muir's eight
journeys, see the single volume The Eight Wilderness-Discovery Books (Story of My Boyhood
and Youth; A Thousand Mile Walk in the Gulf; The First Summer in the Sierra; The Mountains
of California; Our Natural Parks; The Yosemite; Travels in Alaska; Steep Trails).
35 See Schama, 1996.
36 This enclave thinking is nowhere put better than by Avery, 1995, in his
topic Saving the Planet with Pesticides and Plastic .
37 The US Wilderness Act of 1964 defines wilderness as a place 'where man
himself is a visitor who does not remain' , in Gómez-Pompa and Kaus, 1992.
38 See Nash, 1973.
39 The data on protected areas have been analysed from the comprehensive
database at UNEP/WCMC (1997) United Nations List of Protected Areas
(www.unep-wcmc.org/protected_areas/data/un-eaanalysis.htm).
40 The largest designators include the US and the UK (21 per cent); New
Zealand (24 per cent); Germany (27 per cent); Tanzania (28 per cent); Australia
(29 per cent); Denmark (32 per cent); Ecuador and Saudi Arabia (34 per cent);
Kiribati (39 per cent); Belize (40 per cent); Venezuela (61 per cent); and Slovakia
(76 per cent).