Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
where E is a symmetric positive definite (s.p.d.) matrix. We assume J to be the
measure of the estimate error or “risk.” Here, w depends on z and w , and it is
regarded as a stochastic process. With our definition of risk we may introduce the
Z
functional
J
. w / E
.J. e // D
J. e /p W d w and in order to minimize the risk we
n
R
refer to the estimator
Z
Z
w D arg min
J
. w /
J. e /p W;Z . w ; z /d z d w :
n
n
R
R
By exploiting the properties of p.d.f. recalled above, we rewrite the risk to
minimize as
0
1
Z
Z
Z
@
A p Z d z D
e T E e p W j Z d w
J
. w / D
n J
. w j z /p Z d z ;
n
n
R
R
R
for
Z
. w w / T E. w w /p W j Z d w :
J
. w j z /
n
R
J
. w / does not involve
w and
Since the outer integral in the definition of the cost
. w j z /.
Recall that for a generic vector x and a symmetric matrix A of proper size [ 60 ],
we have @ x T A x
@ x
J
p Z 0, we minimize the risk by minimizing
D 2A x . Then the minimization of
J
. w j z / leads to
D2E Z
@
J
. w j z /
@ w
0 D
. w w /p W j Z d w :
n
R
Independently of E, we have the equation
w Z
R
Z
p W j Z d w D
w p W j Z d w D E
. w j z /:
n
R
n
Since Z
R
p W j Z . w j z /d w D 1,wehave
n
w D E
. w j z /:
(6.7)
This is called minimum variance estimator , hereafter denoted by
w MV . An impor-
tant property of this estimator is that it is unbiased ,i.e.,
E
. e / D E
. w MV w / D 0.
 
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