Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 2.1. Decimalised key of Zadoks et al. (1974) for the growth stages of cereals
code
code
code
0 Germination
00 Dry seed
01 Start of imbibition
02 -
03 Imbibition complete
04 -
05 Radicle emerged from
caryopsis
06 -
07 Coleoptile emerged
from caryopsis
08 -
09 Leaf just at coleoptile tip
34 4th node detectable
35 5th node detectable
36 6th node detectable
37 Flag leaf just visible
38 -
39 Flag leaf ligule/collar just
visible
7 Milk development
70 -
71 Caryopsis water ripe
72 -
73 Early milk
74 -
75 Medium milk
76 -
(Increase in
solids of liquid
endosperm
notable when
crushing the
caryopsis
between fingers)
77 Late milk
78 -
79 -
4 Booting
40 -
41 Flag leaf sheath extending
42 -
43 Boots just visibly swollen
44 -
45 Boots swollen
46 -
47 Flag leaf sheath opening
48 -
49 First awns visible
1 Seedling growth
10 First leaf through
coleoptile
11 First leaf unfolded
12 2 leaves unfolded
13 3 leaves unfolded
14 4 leaves unfolded
15 5 leaves unfolded
16 6 leaves unfolded
17 7 leaves unfolded
18 8 leaves unfolded
19 9 or more leaves
unfolded
8 Dough development
80 -
81 -
82 -
83 Early dough
84 -
85 Soft dough (Finger-nail
impression not held)
86 -
87 Hard Dough
88 -
89 -
5 Inflorescence emergence
50* First spikelet of
51 inflorescence just visible
52* 1/4 of inflorescence
53 emerged
54* 1/2 of inflorescence
55 emerged
56* 3/4 of inflorescence
57 completed
58* Emergence of
59
}
}
}
}
}
(Finger-nail
impression held,
infloresence
losing
chlorophyll)
2 Tillering
20 Main shoot only
21 Main shoot and 1 tiller
22 Main shoot and 2 tillers
23 Main shoot and 3 tillers
24 Main shoot and 4 tillers
25 Main shoot and 5 tillers
26 Main shoot and 6 tillers
27 Main shoot and 7 tillers
28 Main shoot and 8 tillers
29 Main shoot and 9 or
more tillers
9 Ripening
90 -
91 Caryopsis hard (difficult to
divide by thumb-nail)
92 Caryopsis hard (can no
longer be dented by thumb-
nail)
93 Caryopsis loosening in
daytime
94 Over-ripe, straw dead and
collapsing
95 Seed dormant
96 Viable seed giving 50%
germination
97 Seed not dormant
98 Secondary dormancy
induced
99 Secondary dormancy lost
inflorescence completed
6 Anthesis
60 anthesis (not
61 easily detectable in barley)
62 -
63 -
64
65
66 -
67 -
68
}
}
Anthesis half-way
}
3 Stem elongation
30 Pseudo stem erection
31 1st node detectable
32 2nd node detectable
33 3rd node detectable
Anthesis complete
69
*Even code numbers refer to crops in which this stage is reached by all shoots simultaneously
and odd numbers to unevenly developing crops when 50% of the shoots are at the stage given.
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