Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
or an undistinguished morphology, including many viruses, bacteria and some fungi
(particularly
fungi imperfecti
and
mycelia sterilia),
can now be detected and
identified in host tissue and hence be eradicated at such early stages that losses can
be minimized. At the same time, such techniques allow the complete progress of an
epidemic to be observed. These methods are both sensitive and specific. An extreme
example of this is the use of PCR to detect strains of fungi that are resistant to
fungicides because of a single base-pair mutation (Martin
et al.,
1992b). This
technique also allows other minor changes in the genome of intraspecific strains,
races and genets of a pathogen to be monitored quickly, and even the origin and
period of mutation and its subsequent evolution may be identified (Smith
et al.,
1992).
The majority of nucleic acid hybridization dot-blot tests may escape from the
confines of the laboratory in the future if immunocapture allows the handicap of
non-mobility to be overcome. Portability will increase the usefulness of this valuable
technique to plant disease epidemiologists, who have generally rejected any method
that is more restricted than immunological techniques and involves the services of
professional operators. In time, both immunological and nucleic acid identification
techniques are increasingly likely to be used in plant disease epidemiological studies
as they become automated to make them more rapid and affordable.
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