Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 11.9
Comparing Angles Between Ontogenetic Trajectories
dent
alt
el
gould
man
spilo
pir
nat
car
dent
0
44.89
38.59
32.99
46.04
37.15
58.99
70.26
48.68
alt
0.001
0
39.11
31.97
30.80
35.22
63.74
65.67
41.83
el
0.001
0.001
0
38.39
45.73
26.31
48.19
54.57
33.06
gould
0.001
0.001
0.001
0
34.80
38.07
64.89
67.98
47.78
man
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0
44.97
73.41
76.31
55.59
spilo
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0
51.44
56.80
34.10
pir
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0
22.70
40.30
nat
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0
39.30
car
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0
Angles between trajectories are given above the diagonal; p-values for the null hypothesis that the angle is no greater than 0
obtained
by permutation of residuals are given below the diagonal. dent
5
Pygopristis denticulate;alt
5
Serrasalmus altuvei;el
5
S. elongatus;
gould
5
S. gouldingi;man
5
S. manueli;spilo
5
S. spilopleura;pir
5
Pygocentrus piraya;nat
5
P. nattereri;car
5
P. cariba.
TABLE 11.10
Procrustes Distances Between Juvenile Shapes
dent
alt
el
gould
man
spilo
pir
nat
car
dent
0
0.079
0.012
0.138
0.134
0.065
0.069
0.064
0.052
alt
0
0.107
0.126
0.107
0.064
0.094
0.088
0.085
el
0
0.060
0.071
0.120
0.152
0.143
0.127
gould
0
0.08
0.138
0.165
0.160
0.145
man
0
0.122
0.156
0.151
0.131
spilo
0
0.060
0.058
0.053
pir
0
0.033
0.038
nat
0
0.044
car
0
All differences between shapes are statistically significant, adjusting for the multiple comparisons. dent
5
Pygopristis denticulate;
alt
5
Serrasalmus altuvei;el
5
S. elongatus; gould
5
S. gouldingi; man
5
S. manueli; spilo
5
S. spilopleura; pir
5
Pygocentrus piraya;
nat
5
P. nattereri; car
5
P. cariba.
and disparity and compute the difference between the juvenile and adult disparities,
repeating this calculation numerous times to generate the distribution of the difference in
disparities between the two stages. If zero does not lie within the confidence interval of
the difference in disparities, the two disparities differ significantly from each other. The
disparity for juveniles is 0.00543 and for adults it is 0.00398 and the confidence intervals
for these values do not even overlap (
Zelditch et al., 2003b
).
The comparison of the disparities at the two developmental stages gives an estimate of
the overall level of disparity but it does not tell us how much each modification of
