Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Hamilton
2010
[
68
]
Dumfries and
Galloway,
Scotland,
UK
Three wards
plus A&E
Copper-containing
liquid
disinfectant
Seven week cross-over; UMF
mops wetted with
water (control) or
copper-containing
disinfectant. Two wards
began with control
(weeks 1-3), followed by
copper (weeks 4-7), vice
versa for the other two
wards
Ten standardised sites per
ward sampled using
contact plates on Mon,
Weds and Fri 1 h before
cleaning then 1 and 4 h
after cleaning
UMF + copper median counts
significantly lower than
control at all time points.
The cross-over yielded
the anticipated findings,
with lower median counts
associated with UMF
+ copper across both
study arms
Wide variation in the level of
contamination across the
13 sites included in the
study. No sampling for
indicator organisms was
performed. The residual
effect of UMF + copper
took a number of weeks
to become established,
perhaps due to
accumulation.
Co-authored by the
copper disinfectant
manufacturer
Varghese
2013
[
98
]
Salford, UK
Toilet cubicle
Silver-silicia CVD
coating
Prospective observational
study. Coated tiles were
mounted on wood and
placed adjacent to a toilet
in a cubicle
Coated and control tiles were
swabbed after 2 weeks,
and 2, 3 and 4 months
The coated tiles had a 95 %
lower level of
contamination after
2 weeks, and 99.8 %
lower contamination
after 4 months compared
with controls
The coating head is limited to
10 cm wide substrates.
The concentration on the
control tile exceeded
10
3
cfu/cm
2
in study
month 4
Taylor
2009
[
77
]
Not specified
Two compara-
ble outpa-
tient units
Silver ion treated
items
Prospective observational
study. A range of silver
ion items were included
in unit A; matched items
of similar material
without silver were used
as controls in unit B
The silver and control ideas
were sampled at baseline
(12 months after
installation), 2, 6 and
12 weeks
Bacterial counts were
62-98 % less
contaminated on silver
items compared with
controls. Effectiveness
varied with the type of
surface finish from 99 %
(laminate) to 70 %
(fabrics)
Items were installed for
12 months prior to the
start of swabbing. Counts
from wet silver surfaces
were lower than from dry
surfaces. Counts on
untreated products in unit
A (silver) were lower
than in unit B (control)
Keward
2013
[
105
]
Liverpool, UK
Cardiology
ward and
HDU
QAC
Prospective 2-week
observational study; first
week chlorine dioxide,
second week QAC
ATP used to assess
cleanliness of 18
high-touch sites on day
1, 4 and 7 of each week
17/18 sites had significantly
lower ATP when cleaned
with the QAC
QAC cheaper than chlorine
dioxide. Staff surveys
showed improved
acceptability for the QAC
over chlorine dioxide
Boyce
2014
[
72
]
New Haven,
Connecticut,
USA
Rehabilitation
ward
Two organosilane
products
Prospective randomized
observational study.
Nine high-touch sites were
sampled daily for
Neither product yielded
lower mean bacterial
counts than those
Although no data are
provided, the results
would have looked
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