Biocidal Mechanisms of Metallic Copper Surfaces - Use of Biocidal Surfaces for Reduction of Healthcare Acquired Infections - page 101

Chapter 6
Biocidal Mechanisms of Metallic
Copper Surfaces
Christophe Esp ´ rito Santo, Nadezhda German, Jutta Elguindi,
Gregor Grass, and Christopher Rensing
Contents
6.1 The Biocidal History of Copper . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................... 105
6.2 Copper the “Modern” Bioelement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
6.2.1 General Chemistry Properties ..................................................... 107
6.2.2 How Organisms Use Copper ...................................................... 107
6.2.3 Copper Homeostasis . . ............................................................ 108
6.2.4 Ionic Copper Toxicity ............................................................. 110
6.3 Metallic Copper Surfaces as a Biocidal Tool ............................................ 112
6.3.1 Quick Cell Inactivation by Metallic Copper Surfaces ........................... 112
6.3.2 Additional Physical and Physiological Factors
Modulating the Contact-Killing Process ......................................... 118
6.3.3 Cellular Targets of Metallic Copper Toxicity . . . ................................. 123
6.4 Holistic “Systems View” of Biocidal Effect of Metallic Copper ........................ 129
6.5 Metallic Copper Under Healthcare Environments ....................................... 130
6.6 Closing Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132