Design Guidelines for High Performance Industrial Furnaces - High Temperature Air Combustion: From Energy Conservation to Pollution Reduction - page 284

TABLE 5.14
Components of COG and BFG Used for Calculation

N 2 O 2 CO CO 2 H 2 H 2 O CH 4 C 2 H 4 Calorific Value

COG 6 0.

6

7.
4

2.9 54.

1

0 25.4 2.3

m 3

18,167 kJ/

BFG 54.

5

0.
2

21.
5

21.2 2.

6

0 0 0

m 3

3,324 kJ/

m 3

denotes the volume at the normal state.

TABLE 5.15
Studied Fuels and Heat-Recovery Rates

LPG LNG COG MG2800 MG2000 MG1750

21,620 8,556 4,316 2,804 2,012 1,760

m 3
m 3

Heating value kcal/

90,519 35,822 18,070 11,740 8,424 7,369

kJ/

Heat-recovery rates of
heating exchangers, %

83 82 80 74 67 62

m 3 denotes the volume at the normal state.

TABLE 5.16
Facility Conditions

Length of noncombustion zone 0-14 m

Length of preheating zone 5.00 m

Length of heating zone 15.00 m

Length of soaking zone 5.00 m

Heat recovery rate 80.0%

Fuel (studied factors)

Air ratio 1.10

φ CG 0.70

changeover valves and regulative flow valves that allow stable combustion operation.
For this purpose, two requirements must be satisfied. The first is to prevent unstable
condition of flow control of air and exhaust gas resulting from the flow rate reaching
the zero level at the moment of changeover. The second is to prevent excessive
variation in the flow rate of air and exhaust gas at the moment of changeover so that