Environmental Engineering Reference
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mean and rms axial velocities, gas temperature, CO
2
, O
2
, CO, NO
x
, C
n
H
m
, solids, solid
concentration, total radiance, and total radiative fluxes at the furnace wall.
Vol. %
CH
4
87.82
C
2
H
6
4.59
C
3
H
8
1.59
C
4
H
10
0.52
C
5
H
12
0.13
O
2
+ Ar
0.02
CO
2
1.65
N
2
3.68
C/H ratio (by mass)
3.20
O
2
requirement (kg
2
O/kgfuel)
3.57
m
3
Density kg/
at 15˚C
0.822
TABLE 2.9
Guasare Coal Properties
Ultimate Analysis Dry Basis
C
H
N
O
S
Ash
wt %
78.41
5.22
1.49
10.9
0.82
3.3
Proximate Analysis Dry Basis
% Moisture (105˚C)
Volatiles %
Fixed Carbon %
LCV
wt %
2.9
37.1
56.7
31.74 MJ/kg
Velocity measurements (mean velocity and rms) were performed using the IFRF
watercooled laser doppler velocimetry (LDV) probe. In-flame temperatures were
measured using a suction pyrometer equipped with a type B thermocouple (Pt
6%Rh/Pt 30%Rh). Local in-flame gas compositions were measured using a gas-
sampling probe. Measurements of total radiance and total radiative heat fluxes were
performed using standard IFRF narrow angle radiometer and ellipsoidal radiometer
probes, respectively. Solid sampling was performed using the IFRF static solid
sampling probe. A detailed description of the probes for detailed in-flame measure-
ments can be found in References 56, 58, and 59. In the input/output measurements
the furnace flue gas temperature, CO
2
, O
2
, CO, NO
x
, C
n
H
m
, burnout were measured
for 15 different flames. The parameters that were examined are:
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