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FIGURE 5.1 Evolution of linear signal transduction pathways to highly organized signaling networks. A. Mutant developmental phenotypes from
classic genetics screens showed that mutations in the activating extracellular ligand (Unpaired/Upd), in the effector tyrosine kinase (Hopscotch/JAK), or in
the effector transcription factor (STAT92E/Marelle) caused identical loss-of-function phenotypes, a feature consistent with linearity of signal transduction
pathways. B. Systems-level, functional genomic, proteomic, and expression studies in the past few years have revealed that signaling is propagated within
large networks consisting of hundreds or thousands of proteins. C. Structure e function analysis of signaling networks has led to the identification of
network motifs, recurrent patterns of interconnections, that form the building blocks of networks as well as universal features such as Network Hubs (red
circles) and between-ness nodes (blue circles) that are likely to be encoded by essential genes.
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