Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 9.8. Numerous bunkers are the most common type of hazard on the golf course.
does not interfere with aesthetic appearance. On fairways, the one-third
mowing rule should be strictly followed so that clippings do not accu-
mulate, shade the turf or interfere with play.
Fairway fertilization programmes depend on the turf-grass species or
cultivars, the soil type, environmental conditions and cultural practices
being used. A complete fertilizer with a high nitrogen ratio (4-1-1) can be
used throughout the programme, or a complete fertilizer can be applied
twice a year and nitrogen applied more frequently. Cynodon fairways
generally require 15-40 kg of nitrogen per hectare per month, whereas
zoysia grass, paspalum and serangoon grass require about 10-20 kg of
nitrogen per hectare per month.
Nutrients can be applied as slow- or fast-release fertilizers or a
combination of the two. The granular form is the most common, but
liquid fertilizer formulations have been used successfully.
Fairways also benefit from applications of ferrous sulphate or ferrous
ammonium sulphate, especially if the soil pH is above 6.5, conditions that
sometimes create iron deficiencies. Deficiencies of other secondary nutri-
ents and micronutrients are uncommon. Yearly soil tests should be con-
ducted, and if a deficiency occurs, it should be corrected.
