Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
surrounding the tee, the green and the fairway between them is called the
rough. Many holes also include 'hazards' such as 'sand traps' (also called
'bunkers') and bodies of water (lakes, ponds, rivers, etc.), collectively
called 'water hazards'. The hole on the green is marked by a small flag
on a pole so that golfers can see it from some distance. Most golf courses
consist of 18 holes and cover an area of about 40 ha, although some
courses have only nine holes, in which case each hole is played twice.
Every hole is classified by its par. Par, a number from three to five, is
the number of strokes that a hypothetical expert golfer should require to
play the ball into the hole. Par is determined principally by the distance
from tee to green, on the assumption that golfer will need one, two or
three strokes to cover this distance and then will need two rolled strokes
('putts') to reach the hole, once the ball is on the green. An 18-hole golf
course typically consists of about four par-three holes, ten par-four holes
and four par-five holes, for a total par of about 72.
The Putting Green
Putting greens are the most important part of the golf course (Fig. 9.1).
Even though they represent only 2-3% of the turf area, they require
Green
Tee
Rough
Fairway
Green
Fig. 9.1. Despite their relatively small size, putting greens are the most important
part of the golf course.
