Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Correct
pressure
Pressure
too low
Pressure
too high
Fig. 7.8. To maintain an accurate irrigation pattern, sprinklers must operate under
the correct pressure, as indicated by the manufacturer. (Drawing by R. Castro.)
Rotary sprinkler heads are usually available as either pop-up or
above-ground systems. A pop-up system is one in which sprinkler
heads remain below ground, their flat tops flush with ground level,
when not in operation. A group of pop-up sprinkler heads is usually
activated by one manual or automated valve. When the value is opened,
water pressure pushes the heads above ground. When irrigation is com-
pleted and the valve is closed, the sprinkler heads drop back into place,
where they are inconspicuous and do not interfere with recreational
activities, mowing and other operations. Above-ground systems are posi-
tioned completely above the turf surface usually on a mobile or portable
piping system. Above-ground systems are used on sod farms and some-
times during turf establishment.
Fixed sprinkler heads
Fixed sprinkler heads have no moving parts and usually operate at low
water pressure. Each produces a fine spray of water covering a relatively
small area, commonly 5-10 m in diameter (Fig. 7.9). They are often used
