Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Production
process
Microstructure
of
bulk
material
Novel
properties
or
phenomenon
Reference
Steel
type
Mechanism(s)
Sokolov
et al.
(2007)
ODS 12YWT
α
MA
High density of
nano-sized complex
Ti-Y-O oxides
(clusters) dispersed
in
High yield (
1300 MPa)
and ultimate
(
∼
Ultrafi ne particles
and solute
segregation to the
dislocations
constrain the
dislocation
movement
-steel
(12Cr-2.5W-
0.4Ti-0.25Y
2
O
3
)
1400 MPa) strengths
at room temperature;
good fracture
toughness (93 MPa m
1/2
at 100°C)
∼
α
matrix
Abe
et al.
(2007)
ODS 9Cr
α
′
TMT: normalizing
+
MX precipitates
(5-20 nm) along
GBs and in the
matrix and M
23
C
6
(100-300 nm)
Excellent creep strength
at 650°C
V and Nb nitrides
pin the lath and
block boundaries;
TiC nano-
precipitates
stabilize the
microstructure
during creep
-steels
tempering
Oksiuta
et al.
(2011)
ODS RAF steel
MA
hot
isostatic
pressing and
annealing
+
Nanoclusters of Fe
2
Y
or Y
2
O
3
dispersed
with a mix of small
and large
ODS Fe
2
Y steel: an upper
shelf energy of 8.8 J
and a ductile-to-brittle
temperature of
γ
-fcc structure of
Fe
2
Y nanoclusters:
coarsened by
annealing
-Fe (bcc)
grains (avg. 5
α
−
24°C
μ
m)
Karak
et al.
(2011)
ODS high-Cr
α
MA
hot
isostatic
pressing
+
'Uniform dispersion
of 20-30 nm Y
2
O
3
or Y
2
Ti
2
O
7
in higher
volume fraction'
Extremely high
compressive strength
(3325 MPa), Young's
modulus (295 GPa),
fracture toughness
(21.8 MPa m
1/2
); but
low ductility
Dispersion
strengthening by
nanoparticles
-steels
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