Nanotechnology for domestic water purification - Nanotechnology in Eco-efficient Construction - page 402

Contaminants removed Amount of Water Treated Cost (US$)* Ease of use

Flow rate/
water quantity

Labour
demands

Setup
and use Technology type Biological Organic Inorganic Useful Life Unit Filter/media Maintenance

Coal Fly
Ash

NO NO ￿ Arsenic

￿ Cadmium
￿ Chromium
￿ Copper
￿ Lead
￿ Mercury
￿ Nickel
￿ Zinc
￿ Other U

V- source
water
quality

U retrofi tted

$0.50-
$4.50/kg

Unskilled
and
trained

Moderate Occasional

regeneration
and
hazardous
spent waste
disposal by
trained
person

AgION ￿ Bacteria

￿ Mould
￿ Other U

NZVI NO Most

all

￿ Arsenic
￿ Mercury
￿ Nickel
￿ Nitrates
￿ Silver
￿ Radioactive
Metals
￿ Other U

V - source
water
quality and
membrane
size

U - some%
capacity
lost per
regen.

U- $40-$50/kg Trained

and
skilled

Diffi cult Maintenance

must be
conducted
by skilled
and trained
persons

Pd-Coated
NVZI

$68- $146/kg

retrofi tted

Nano-
Titanium
Dioxide

Most all - U Most

all

￿ Arsenic
￿ Other U

V - membrane
size

Indefi nite $1.10- > $100/

kg

Adsorbsia ￿ Bacteria

￿ Viruses

U ￿ Arsenic 40-400 L/min/

m 2 fi lter

25-38 L/g
media

$14/L media Unskilled Easy n/a

AD33 U U ￿ Arsenic

￿ Chromium
￿ Copper
￿ Lead
￿ Zinc
￿ Other U

16-38 L/min
- systems
2 L/min
- cartridges

2-4 yrs
- media
3,800-
11,400 L
- cartridges

$8-$13/L
media $50 -
cartridges

Unskilled Easy n/a

Magnetoferritin V - dep. on membrane U U U

* Costs assume mass production. ** Biological contaminants: Bacteria, Bacterial Spores, Giardia & Cryptosp. Cysts, Coliform, Fecal Coliform, DNA & RNA, Fungi,
Mold, Parasites, Protozoa, and Viruses Organic contaminants: Pest-, Herb-, & Insecticides, Industrial Effl uents, MTBE, PAHS, PCBs, VOCs, and others. Inorganic