Nanotechnology for domestic water purification - Nanotechnology in Eco-efficient Construction - page 394

Table 16.4 Comparison of POU conventional water fi ltration technologies (adapted from Hillie et al. , 2007b)

Contaminants removed Amount of water Cost (US$) Ease of use

Labour
demands

Setup and
use Filter type Biological Organic Inorganic Flow rate Useful life Unit Filter Maintenance

Disk ￿ Bacteria

￿ Cysts
￿ Coliform
￿ Fecal
Coliform

No ￿ Asbestos

￿ Iron

1-11 L/hr 5 yrs $3.50 $0.49-

$1.02

Unskilled Easy Monthly

scrubbing

Candle 0.3-0.8 L/hr 6-12 mos $2.29 $0.46

Biosand ￿ Coliform

￿ Fecal
Coliform
￿ Protozoa
￿ Helminthes

No ￿ Arsenic

￿ Cadmium
￿ Copper
￿ Iron
￿ Lead
￿ Zinc

30 L/hr Indefi nite $12.00-

$30.00

n/a Unskilled Moderate

- biolayer
must be
established

Sporadic
sand
agitation
and
cleaning