Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
N
N
NT
N
N
NT
SRX
N
N
NT
500 nm
(a)
SRX
N
N
NT
(b)
500 nm
5.3
Typical bright-fi eld TEM images (a and b) of 316 SS with DPD
ε
1.6, annealing @ 730°C / 20 min, showing the early-stage SRX in
shear bands between NT bundles (Yan
et al.
, 2012).
With
kind
permission
from
Elsevier
Science.
=
toughness (e.g., El of 27.5%) and reduced friction coeffi cient (by 50%).
There are multiple mechanisms underlying the outstanding strength-
stiffness-ductility synergy of the nanocomposite surface. Often the tough-
ness and ductility are introduced by phase transformation and dislocation
distribution, whereas strength and stiffness are enhanced by surface nano-
crystallization and/or nano-precipitation and change in the dominant defor-
mation or wear mechanics.
One recent advance in this fi eld is the use of SMAT to produce 304 SS
with outstanding strength-stiffness-ductility synergy, by forming hard
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