Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 3.13
EPD for Portland cement CEM I (CEMBUREAU, 2008)
Impact category
Unit per 1000 kg
Pre-factory
Cement
factory
Total
Raw materials
Natural resources
Renewable
(kg)
0
0
0
Non-renewable
(kg)
18
1447
1465
Secondary resources
Renewable
(kg)
0
0
0
Non-renewable
(kg)
0
44
44
Energy resources
Natural resources
Renewable
(MJ)
132
0
132
Non-renewable
(MJ)
1370
2501
3871
Secondary resources
Renewable
(MJ)
0
157
157
Non-renewable
(MJ)
0
638
638
Use of water
(kg)
1467
226
1693
Global warming
(kg CO
2
-eq.)
118
781
899
Acidification
(kg SO
2
-eq.)
1.10
1.30
2.40
Ozone depletion
(kg CFC-11-eq.)
0.000043
0
0.000043
Photochemical oxidant
formation
(kg C
2
H
4
-eq.)
0.13
0.12
0.25
Eutrophication
(kg PO
4
-eq.)
0.05
0.20
0.25
Waste for disposal
Non-hazardous
(kg)
665
not relevant
665
Hazardous
(kg)
1.2
not relevant
1.2
hundreds and thousands of different products and furthermore, the expected
service life of construction works compared to the service life of other products
is very long. For that reason, LCa tools mentioned in Table 3.1 are not widely
used by most stakeholders (designers, contractors, occupants) but much more
by experts and very often at academic level (Mateus and Bragança, 2011).
During the last two decades various assessment and rating systems (mostly
for buildings) which simplify LCa for practical use, have been developed.
The first commercially available environmental assessment framework and
rating system for buildings was BrEEaM (Building research Establishment
Environmental assessment Method), developed in Uk in 1990 by Building
research Establishment (BrEEaM, 2011). Since then many different tools
of this type have been launched around the world. The most widely used,
besides BrEEaM, are: LEED developed by US Green Building Council
(LEED, 2011), SBTool - previously known as GBTool - developed by
international initiative for a Sustainable Built Environment (iiSBE, 2011),
DGnB developed by German Sustainable Building Council (DGnB,
2011).
