Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 3.6
Summary of impact categories data according to CML methodology
Impact category Description
LCI results
Category
indicator
Characterization
model
Characterization
factor
Indicator result
Category
endpoint
Climate change
Temperature
increase in the
lower atmosphere
Emissions of
greenhouse
gases
Increase
of infrared
radiative
forcing
(W/m
2
)
IPCC
Global warming
potential (GWP)
for each emission
(kg CO
2
-eq./kg
emission)
Kilograms of
CO
2
-equivalents
Years of life
lost (YLL), coral
reefs, crops,
buildings
Stratospheric
ozone depletion
Decomposition of
the stratospheric
ozone layer
which causes
an increased UV
radiation
Emissions
of ozone-
depleting
gases
Increase of
stratospheric
ozone
breakdown
WMO
Ozone depletion
potential (ODP)
for each emission
(kg CFC-11-eq./kg
emission)
Kilograms
of CFC-11-
equivalents
Illness days,
marine
productivity,
crops
Photo-oxidant
formation
Creation of
'smog' as a
local impact and
'tropospheric'
ozone as a
regional impact
Emissions of
substances
(VOC, CO)
to air
Quantity of
tropospheric
ozone formed
CML
Photochemical
ozone
creation potential
(POCP) for
each emission
(kg ethylene-eq./
kg emission)
Kilograms
of ethylene
equivalents
Illness days,
crops
Acidiication
Acidiication
of aquatic
and terrestrial
ecosystems
(acid rains, acid
lakes…)
Emissions of
acidifying
substances
to air
Maximum
release of
protons (H
+
)
CML
Acidiication
Potential (AP)
for each emission
(kg SO
2
-eq./kg
emission)
Kilograms of
SO
2
equivalents
Biodiversity,
natural
vegetation,
wood, ish,
monuments
Eutrophication
Enrichment
of aquatic
and terrestrial
ecosystems with
nutrients
Emissions
of nutrients
to air, water
and soil
Deposition
increase
divided by
N/P equivalents
in biomass
CML
Eutrophication
potential (EP) for
each emission
(kg PO
4
3-
- eq./kg
emission)
Kilograms of
PO
4
3-
equivalents
Biodiversity,
natural
vegetation,
algal bloom
