Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
% SiO
2
0
100
ML1 28 days
ML2 28 days
10
90
(N,C)-A-S-H
20
80
30
70
N-A-S-H
C-S-H
40
60
50
60
50
I
C-(A)-S-H
40
II
70
30
III
80
IV
20
C
2
ASH
8
90
10
100
0
%CaO
%Al
2
O
3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
(a)
% SiO
2
0
100
(N,C)-A-S-H
ML1 365 days
ML2 365 days
10
90
20
80
N-A-S-H
30
70
C-S-H
40
60
50
50
C-(A)-S-H
I
60
40
II
70
30
III
80
IV
20
C
2
ASH
8
90
100
10
0
%Al
2
O
3
%CaO
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
(b)
17.18
Transmission electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray (EM/
EDX) analyses of (a) 28-day and (b) 365-day gels precipitating in
water-hydrated (ML1) and alkali-activated (ML2), 70% FA + 30% OPC
systems, projected onto the CaO-Al
2
O
3
-SiO
2
plane (García-Lodiero et
al., 2012a).
manufactured with oPc), at several stages in the process of precast element
manufacture and the end products.
The concrete in Fig. 17.19 was prepared with binder consisting of blast
furnace slag + fly ash + OPC clinker (<20%) + solid alkaline activator.
concrete blocks such as are commonly used in building construction and
