Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
when high-volume ternary blends are used (see Fig. 9.8). For instance, while
60% FA and 60% GGBFs replacement ratios provide the rapid chloride
penetration of 715 and 264 coulombs, respectively (see Figs 9.6 and 9.7), the
ternary use of 45% FA-15% MK and 45% GGBFs-15% MK replacement
combinations provide 74% and 22% reduction in the rapid chloride penetration,
respectively (see Fig. 9.8) (Güneyisi et al., 2011).
The sorptivity index of sCC with high-volume sCMs is lower than for
sCC with oPC only. The sorptivity values of sCC containing up to 40%
FA slightly decrease with FA content, although the water to binder ratio
increases from 0.33 (0% FA) to 0.35 (40% FA). sCC with 40% FA affords
the lowest sorptivity since FA is finer than the cement, and so it fills the voids
and leads to lower porosity. The sorptivity value of sCC with 60-80% FA
replacement ratio significantly increases, since FA expands voids between
the cement particles, resulting in higher porosity. According to the sorptivity
results, it can be stated that the use of 60-80% FA in sCC may result in
lower durability (liu, 2010).
The effects of using ternary (sF and FA or GBBFs) and quaternary
(FA, GBBFs and sF) blends of sCMs are to decrease the sorptivity index
compared to sCC with oPC only (Gesoğlu et al., 2009). Figures 9.9 to 9.12
shows the variation of sorptivity index obtained from sCC containing multi-
blended sCM combinations. When the sorptivity index values are compared
between the results obtained from sCC with oPC only and from sCC
containing high-volume ternary and quaternary blends of 45% FA-15% sF,
45% GGBFs-15% sF and 22.5% FA-22.5 GGBFs-15% sF, the reductions
become 24%, 27%, and 33%, respectively (Gesoğlu et al., 2009). if sF is
replaced with MK in these sCM replacement combinations, the reductions
48
44
40
36
32
28
24
20
16
12
16
TBC = 450 kg/m
3
, w/b = 0.44
For FA
For GGFS
14
12
10
8
6
4
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
Sorptivity index (mm/min
1/2
)
(Based on data provided in Gesog
˘
lu et al., 2009)
9.9
The influence of SF and FA (or GGBFS) replacement
combinations (ternary blends) on the sorptivity index.
