Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Silica fume
Gautefall (1986)
Byfors (1987)
Gautefall and Havdahl (1989)
Luping and Nilsson (1992)
Oliveira et al. (2005)
Kessler et al. (2008)
Ryou and Ann (2008)
Elahi et al. (2010)
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Silica fume content (%)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
Metakaolin
Cabrera and Nwaubari (1998)
Boddy et al. (2001)
Oliveria et al. (2005)
Kessler et al. (2008)
Zeljkovic (2009)
San Nicolas (2011)
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Metakaolin content (%)
8.12
Continued
However, as stated by Angst et al. (2009) in their extensive review:
the effect of some of these materials — namely SF, FA, and GGBS —
has been studied several times, but the results were often contradictory
and/or cannot be transferred to real structures due to unrealistic testing
conditions. Regarding reinforcement corrosion, the behaviour of the
mentioned pozzolanas, but also many other upcoming cementing materials,
is completely unknown.
8.5 Future trends
Many important topics will need further research, for example:
∑
Since the interest in SCMs is continuing to increase, partly because of
environmental, technological and economic concerns, other sources of
SCMs still need to be characterized, including at nanoscale, in order to
arrive at standards that will help their use in concrete. The use of ternary
and quaternary binders is also a promising track.
