Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
to be done in the area of social and economic aspects, in their inclusion in
the assessment of construction works.
Here it should also be mentioned that there is an iSo standard regarding
environmental management for concrete and concrete structures that is currently
under development. This is iSo/FDiS 13315: Environmental management
for concrete and concrete structures, Part 1: General principles and Part 2:
System boundary and inventory data. it is currently prepared by iSo TC71/
SC8 (iSo TC71/SC8, 2011).
3.7 Sources of further information and advice
The websites of the most frequently used LCa tools and databases are given in
Table 3.1. Detailed research on LCi data of Portland cement concrete produced
in United States, which include ready-mixed concrete, concrete masonry and
precast concrete, is performed by Portland Cement association (Marceau et
al., 2007). in addition, for slag cement concrete and the same geographical
area, LCi data are available in Prusinski et al. (2004). Comparative analysis
of LCa tools and rating systems can be found in Ding (2008), Haapio and
viitaniemi (2008), Bribián et al. (2009) and Erlandsson and Borg (2003).
a very thorough and detailed information about most frequently used rating
systems is available in Mateus et al. (2011) and at SB alliance web site
(SB alliance, 2011).
Some examples of the application of LCa in concrete and concrete
structures are published: FiB TG 3.8 (2011), Hájek et al. (2011), kawai et
al. (2005), Marinković et al. (2010), oliver-Solà et al. (2009), Sakai (2005),
Šelih and Sousa. (2007), although some of the studies regarding concrete are
focused only on energy consumption and Co
2
emissions. Further information
on environmental design of concrete structures can be found in FiB TG3.3
(2004), FiB TG3.6 (2008) and FiB TG 3.8 (2011).
3.8 Acknowledgement
The work reported here is a part of the investigation within the research
project Tr36017 'Utilization of by-products and recycled waste materials in
concrete composites in the scope of sustainable construction development in
Serbia: investigation and environmental assessment of possible applications',
supported by the Ministry for Science and Technology, republic of Serbia.
This support is gratefully acknowledged.
3.9 References
athena Sustainable Materials institute (2011), LCi Databases-Database details. available
from: http://www.athenasmi.org/our-software-data/lca-databases/products/ [accessed
30 november 2011].
