Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
two PRBs investigated and found in all measurement campaigns, concentra-
tions were reduced by more than 98%, a value even true for the polar phenols
and heterocyclic compounds. The successful remediation was obtained after
more than 9 years of operation. The concept of using activated carbon as an
adsorbent in PRBs appears suitable for the removal of nonpolar aromatics
and corresponding polar polyaromatic hydrocarbons and related aromatics
and phenols.
Field measurements were qualitatively confirmed in column experiments
and by adsorption measurements conducted in the laboratory. As already
discussed above, lead substances such as phenol, benzene, and benzofuran
were identified. In addition, pyridines should be included in future monitor-
ing campaigns.
Measurements of the PRB influents showed a strong spatial and tempo-
ral variability in the concentration and associated loads of the investigated
compounds. Strong differences at different positions of the activated-carbon
reactors have to be considered when designing a reactive barrier. To assess
the capacity of a PRB, knowledge of the concentrations and loads at differ-
ent positions of the planned site of the reactive barrier is essential. However,
extrapolating concentration measurements from localized hot spots on the
contaminated site is not recommended.
Acknowledgments
Funding from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research in Germany
(BMBF) within the projects KORA (Funding No. 02WN0366) and RUBIN
(Funding No. 02WR0763) is gratefully acknowledged. Within the RUBIN
project, we thank for the contributions from the Technical University of
Dresden (Germany, Professor P. Werner, H. Lorbeer, and S. Schönekerl)
and the University of Cologne (Germany, Professor T. Mansfeldt). Some
experiments in the analysis of N-HETs were funded by the Lower Saxony
Water Management, Coastal Defence and Nature Conservation Agency
(NLWKN); many thanks to Dieter Steffen. Furthermore, we offer our spe-
cial thanks to Volker Birke, one of the coordinators of the RUBIN project.
Last but not least, guests within the exchange program “International
Association for the Exchange of Students for Technical Experience”
(IAESTE), PhD students, and Bachelor Masters and Diploma students
from Leuphana University contributed to the results presented, namely
Sven Jerofke, Arne Kappenberg, Meno-Alexander Kersbaum, Mustapha
Koroma, Adrian David Kyburz, Dietmar Meyer, Eric Alexander Naumann,
Nadiia Nikulina, Debora Reis Riberiro, Ina Schlanges, Anja Talke, and Lars
Tangermann.
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